TUM science glossary:
quantum technologies
Post-quantum cryptography
Post-quantum cryptography refers to encryption methods that, unlike current methods, are resistant to attacks by quantum computers.
Quantum
Smallest discrete unit that make up physical objects, e.g. matter, light and energy. Quanta behave differently from classical objects in the everyday world; for example, they have both wave and particle properties.
Quantum computer
A computer that is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and uses qubits instead of bits. These computers are still in development and have the potential to solve complex problems much faster than conventional ones.
Quantum interference
The superimposed states of a quantum system can interfere with each other in a similar way to water waves. This leads to amplifications or cancellations of the probabilities with which individual states of the system are measured.
Quantum internet
In a future quantum internet, quantum states can be transmitted over global distances. This would enable demonstrably secure data transmission and the connection of remote quantum computers.
Quantum mechanics
Mathematical description of quantum physics. Alongside the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics.
Quantum physics
Quantum physics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior and properties of quanta. It describes phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level that cannot be explained using the rules of classical physics.
Quantum sensors
Quantum sensors are measuring instruments that use quantum mechanical principles to carry out extremely precise measurements. For example, they can detect magnetic fields, temperature, or other physical quantities.
Quantum system
A quantum system is a physical entity that is described according to the laws of quantum mechanics. It can consist of particles, atoms, molecules or other quantum mechanical objects.
Quantum entanglement
Unique property of quantum systems by which one part of the system is connected to another - even if they are far apart. The counterintuitive properties of entangled states form the basis for quantum technology.
Qubits
Qubits are the basic units of information in a quantum computer. In contrast to classical bits, which can only have the state 0 or 1, qubits can exist in a superposition of states. In addition, they can be entangled with one another.
Superposition
The properties of quantum objects are not defined independent of their measurement. If a particle is in a superposition of two states, measuring its state will give a random result. Still, in the absence of a measurement, the state of the system is well-defined and can be controlled. Superposition states are very sensitive to perturbations, which makes them a valuable resource for quantum sensing. In addition, they may be used to encode information in a way that is proof against eavesdropping. Finally, superposition states may be used in computations to increase the amount of information that a quantum system can process.
(as at: 03/28/2025)